Vulnerability and resilience of the Hungarian minority in Transcarpathia, Ukraine.

Transcarpathia, the westernmost county of Ukraine, has experienced several border changes during the 20th century but always remained in the periphery position. As a result, the historical minorities of the region, including the Hungarians, have been living in increased vulnerability, to which they constantly had to adapt. Prior to the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian war in 2022, approximately 130,000 ethnic Hungarians lived in Transcarpathia, along the Hungarian-Ukrainian border. After Russia’s full-scale invasion, the socio-demographic situation of the Transcarpathian Hungarians has dramatically transformed. While Hungarians have left the region in masses, tens of thousands of internal refugees have arrived from the war-torn oblasts, a significant number of whom remained permanently...