With the establishment of Austria-Hungary in 1867, independent systems of administration developed in the two halves forming the union. The Austrianhalf was divided into historically defined provinces, of which the largest and most populated province, Galicia, achieved the greatest independence, functioning practically autonomously after 1867. By the early twentieth century its population exceeded 8 million people, with two hundred thousand of them living in its capital city, Lemberg (Lwów/L’viv). By comparison, historic Transcarpathia,1 within the Kingdom of Hungary, was a significantly smaller region, with significantly fewer inhabitants.